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dye purple

Толкование Перевод

1 dye purple

dye purple

v.

• purpurar v.

English-spanish dictionary > dye purple
2 purple

purple ['pɜ:pəl]

1 noun

(a) (colour → gen) violet m; (→ reddish) pourpre m

(b) (dye, cloth) pourpre f

(c) (high rank)

∎ the purple la pourpre

2 adjective

(a) (in colour → gen) violet; (→ reddish) pourpre;

∎ he turned or went purple (with rage) il est devenu cramoisi (de rage)

(b) (prose) emphatique, ampoulé

►► Entomology purple emperor grand mars m (changeant);

Ornithology purple gallinule poule f sultane;

Military Purple Heart = médaille décernée aux blessés de guerre de l'armée américaine;

familiar drugs slang purple heart pilule f d'amphétamine;

American Ornithology purple heron héron m pourpre;

Ornithology purple martin hirondelle f pourprée;

British purple passage, purple patch (of writing) morceau m de bravoure;

∎ (period of success) he's been going through a purple patch recently: he's won five out of the last six tournaments he's entered il est dans une bonne période: il a gagné cinq des six tournois auxquels il a participé;

Ornithology purple sandpiper bécasseau m maritime

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > purple
3 purple dye murex

purple dye murex

n.

• púrpura s.f.

English-spanish dictionary > purple dye murex
4 Purple

adj.

P. and V. ἁλουργής, P. ἁλουργός (Plat.), φοινικοῦς (Xen.), V. πορφυροῦς, φοινικόβαπτος.

——————

subs.

Purple dye: P. and V. πορφύρα, ἡ, P. ὄστρειον, τό.

Purple cloak: Ar. φοινικίς, ἡ (also Xen.).

Purple cloth: V. πορφύρα, ἡ.

Strewn with purple cloth, adj.: V. πορφυρόστρωτος.

Purple robe: Ar. ἀλουργίς, ἡ.

Woodhouse English-Greek dictionary. A vocabulary of the Attic language > Purple
5 Dye

v. trans.

P. and V. βάπτειν.

——————

subs.

P. and V. βαφή, ἡ, Ar. and P. βάμμα, τό.

Purple dye: P. and V. κηκίς, ἡ (Dem. 816), πορφύρα, ἡ.

Woodhouse English-Greek dictionary. A vocabulary of the Attic language > Dye
6 PURPLE DYE

[N]

PURPURA (-AE) (F)

CONCHYLIUM (-I) (N)

CONCHA (-AE) (F)

AUSTRUM (-I) (N)

CONCULIUM (-I) (N)

English-Latin dictionary > PURPLE DYE
7 Perkin, Sir William Henry

SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology, Synthetic materials, Textiles

[br]

b. 12 March 1838 London, England

d. 14 July 1907 Sudbury, England

[br]

English chemist, discoverer of aniline dyes, the first synthetic dyestuffs.

[br]

He early showed an aptitude for chemistry and in 1853 entered the Royal College of Chemistry as a student under A.W.von Hofmann, the first Professor at the College. By the end of his first year, he had carried out his first piece of chemical research, on the action of cyanogen chloride on phenylamine, which he published in the Journal of the Chemical Society (1857). He became honorary assistant to von Hofmann in 1857; three years previously he had set up his own chemical laboratory at home, where he had discovered the first of the azo dyes, aminoazonapththalene. In 1856 Perkin began work on the synthesis of quinine by oxidizing a salt of allyl toluidine with potassium dichromate. Substituting aniline, he obtained a dark-coloured precipitate which proved to possess dyeing properties: Perkin had discovered the first aniline dye. Upon receiving favourable reports on the new material from manufacturers of dyestuffs, especially Pullars of Perth, Perkin resigned from the College and turned to the commercial exploitation of his discovery. This proved highly successful. From 1858, the dye was manufactured at his Greenford Green works as "Aniline Purple" or "Tyrian Purple". It was later to be referred to by the French as mauve. Perkin's discovery led to the development of the modern dyestuffs industry, supplanting dyes from the traditional vegetable sources. In 1869, he introduced two new methods for making the red dye alizarin, in place of the process that involved the use of the madder plant (Rubia tinctorum). In spite of German competition, he dominated the British market until the end of 1873. After eighteen years in chemical industry, Perkin retired and devoted himself entirely to the pure chemical research which he had been pursuing since the 1850s. He eventually contributed ninety papers to the Chemical Society and further papers to other bodies, including the Royal Society. For example, in 1867 he published his synthesis of unsaturated organic acids, known as "Perkin's synthesis". Other papers followed, on the structure of "Aniline Purple". In 1881 Perkin drew attention to the magnetic-rotatory power of some of the substances he had been dealing with. From then on, he devoted particular attention to the application of this phenomenon to the determination of chemical structure.

Perkin won wide recognition for his discoveries and other contributions to chemistry.

The half-centenary of his great discovery was celebrated in July 1906 and later that year he received a knighthood.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Knighted 1906. FRS 1866. President, Chemical Society 1883–5. President, Society of Chemical Industry 1884–5. Royal Society Royal Medal 1879; Davy Medal 1889.

Bibliography

26 August 1856, British patent no. 1984 (Aniline Purple).

1867, "The action of acetic anhydride upon the hydrides of salicyl, etc.", Journal of the Chemical Society 20:586 (the first description of Perkin's synthesis).

Further Reading

S.M.Edelstein, 1961, biography in Great Chemists, ed. E.Farber, New York: Interscience, pp. 757–72 (a reliable, short account).

R.Meldola, 1908, Journal of the Chemical Society 93:2,214–57 (the most detailed account).

LRD

Biographical history of technology > Perkin, Sir William Henry
8 aniline

ani·line

[ˈænɪli:n, AM -lɪn]

n CHEM Anilin nt

\aniline dye Anilinfarbstoff m

\aniline green Malachitgrün nt

\aniline leather Anilinleder nt

\aniline purple Mauvein nt

* * *
['nɪliːn]
n
Anilin nt
aniline dye — Anilinfarbstoff m

* * *

aniline [ˈænıliːn; -lın] s CHEM Anilin n:

aniline dye

a) Anilinfarbstoff m,

b) weitS. chemisch hergestellte Farbe

English-german dictionary > aniline
9 colour

colour, American color ['kʌlə(r)]

1 noun

(a) (hue) couleur f;

∎ what colour is it? de quelle couleur est-ce?;

∎ what colour are his eyes? de quelle couleur sont ses yeux?;

∎ a dark grey colour une couleur gris foncé;

∎ it's a sort of greenish colour c'est d'une couleur un peu verdâtre;

∎ the bleach took the colour out of it l'eau de Javel l'a décoloré;

∎ the movie is in colour le film est en couleur ou couleurs;

∎ he painted the room in bright/dark colours il a peint la pièce de couleurs vives/sombres;

∎ the paint comes in a wide range of colours cette peinture est disponible dans un grand choix de couleurs ou se décline dans de nombreuses couleurs;

∎ familiar we've yet to see the colour of his money nous n'avons pas encore vu la couleur de son argent

(b) figurative

∎ the political colour of a newspaper la couleur politique d'un journal;

∎ under the colour of patriotism sous prétexte ou couleur de patriotisme

(c) Art (shade) coloris m, ton m; (paint) peinture f; (dye) teinture f, matière f colorante;

∎ box of colours boîte f de couleurs

(d) (pigment) matière f colorante, couleur f

(e) (complexion) teint m, couleur f (du visage);

∎ her colour isn't good elle a mauvaise mine;

∎ he changed colour il a changé de couleur ou de visage;

∎ to lose one's colour pâlir, perdre ses couleurs;

∎ to get one's colour back reprendre des couleurs;

∎ she had a lot of colour in her cheeks ses joues avaient de belles couleurs;

∎ to have a high colour avoir le visage rouge;

∎ British to be off colour ne pas être dans son assiette;

∎ figurative the joke was a bit off colour la plaisanterie était d'un goût douteux

(f) (race) couleur f;

∎ to discriminate against sb on grounds of colour établir une discrimination à l'encontre de qn à cause de la couleur de sa peau;

∎ colour isn't an issue ce n'est pas une question de couleur (de peau);

∎ person of colour personne f de couleur

(g) (interest) couleur f;

∎ to add colour to a story colorer un récit;

∎ a play full of colour une pièce haute en couleur

2 compound-forming noun

(photography, picture, slide, magazine) en couleur, en couleurs

3 transitive verb

(a) (give colour to → with chemical, dye) colorer; (→ with paint) peindre; (→ with crayons, felt-tips) colorier;

∎ he coloured it blue il l'a colorié en bleu;

∎ to colour one's hair se faire une couleur

(b) (distort → judgement) fausser; (→ fact) influencer

(c) (exaggerate → story, facts) exagérer; (enliven) rendre plus vivant

4 intransitive verb

(person) rougir; (thing) se colorer; (fruit) mûrir

5 colours plural noun

(a) (of team) couleurs fpl;

∎ to get or to win one's colours être sélectionné pour faire partie d'une équipe;

∎ figurative to show one's true colours se montrer sous son vrai jour;

∎ to see sb in his/her true colours voir qn sous son vrai jour

(b) (of school) couleurs fpl

(c) Military (flag) couleurs fpl, drapeau m; Nautical couleurs fpl, pavillon m;

∎ to serve with the colours servir sous les drapeaux;

∎ to be called to the colours être appelé sous les drapeaux;

∎ salute the colours! saluez le drapeau ou les couleurs!;

∎ to sail under false colours naviguer sous un faux pavillon

(d) (clothes for washing) couleurs fpl

►► Photography colour balance équilibre m des couleurs;

British colour bar discrimination f raciale;

colour bearer porte-drapeau m;

colour blindness daltonisme m;

colour chart nuancier m;

colour code code m coloré;

Computing colour display affichage m couleur;

colour film (for camera) pellicule f (en) couleur; (movie) film m en couleur;

Photography colour filter filtre m coloré;

Computing colour graphics graphisme m en couleur;

Photography colour graphics adapter adaptateur m graphique couleur, CGA m;

colour line discrimination f ou ségrégation f raciale;

∎ to cross the colour line faire fi de la ségrégation raciale;

Computing colour monitor moniteur m couleur;

Military colour party garde f du drapeau;

colour photocopying photocopie f en couleurs;

Typography & Photography colour positive positif m (en) couleur;

Typography colour print reproduction f en couleurs;

Typography colour printer imprimante f couleur;

Typography colour printing impression f couleur;

colour scheme palette f ou combinaison f de couleurs;

∎ to choose a colour scheme assortir les couleurs ou les tons;

Typography colour separation séparation f des couleurs, séparation f quadrichromique;

British Military colour sergeant ≃ sergent-chef m (de la garde du drapeau);

British Press colour supplement supplément m illustré;

colour television télévision f couleur;

colour television set téléviseur m couleur;

colour therapy chromothérapie f;

Art colour value valeur f chromatique

➲ colour in, American color in separable transitive verb

colorier;

∎ colour it in in blue colorie-le en bleu

➲ colour up, American color up intransitive verb

(blush) rougir

✾ Book ✾ Film 'The Color Purple' Walker, Spielberg 'La Couleur poupre'

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > colour
10 bedstraw

подмаренник ( Galium)

- catchweed bedstraw
- coast bedstraw
- corn bedstraw
- dye bedstraw
- fragrant bedstraw
- hairy bedstraw
- heath bedstraw
- hedge bedstraw
- lady's bedstraw
- marsh bedstraw
- northern bedstraw
- purple bedstraw
- rough bedstraw
- rough-fruited corn bedstraw
- small bedstraw
- southwestern bedstraw
- swamp bedstraw
- sweet-scented bedstraw
- white bedstraw
- wood bedstraw
- yellow bedstraw
* * *

подмаренник

English-russian biological dictionary > bedstraw
11 fig

фикус ( Ficus); фиговое дерево, инжир ( Ficus carica)

- climbing fig
- cluster fig
- dye fig
- Florida strangler fig
- Indian fig
- India-rubber fig
- Moreton-Bay fig
- purple fig
- rusty fig
- sycamore fig
* * *

• инжир

• фиговое дерево

• фикус

English-russian biological dictionary > fig
12 plant

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[English Word] annual edible plant

[Swahili Word] bisari

[Part of Speech] noun

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[English Word] annual plant (Momordica morgose or charantia)

[Swahili Word] karela

[Part of Speech] noun

[Derived Word] (Ind.)

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[English Word] be planted

[Swahili Word] -pandwa

[Part of Speech] verb

[Class] passive

[English Example] There were mango trees which were planted in profusion

[Swahili Example] palikuwa na miembe iliyopandwa kwa fujo [Sul]

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[English Word] climbing plant

[Swahili Word] mbugu

[Swahili Plural] mibugu

[Part of Speech] noun

[Derived Word] mbungo N

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[English Word] climbing plant

[Swahili Word] mkwezi

[Swahili Plural] mikwezi

[Part of Speech] noun

[Derived Word] kwea V

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[English Word] climbing plant

[Swahili Word] mmelea

[Swahili Plural] mimelea

[Part of Speech] noun

[Derived Word] mea V

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[English Word] climbing plant

[English Plural] climbing plants

[Swahili Word] mtambaa miti

[Swahili Plural] mitambaa miti

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 3/4

[Related Words] mti

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[English Word] climbing plant (kind of)

[Swahili Word] mkuku

[Swahili Plural] mikuku

[Part of Speech] noun

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[English Word] climbing plant yielding poison for arrows

[English Plural] climbing plants

[Swahili Word] kombe

[Swahili Plural] makombe

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 5/6

[Related Words] -komba

[Terminology] botany / anthropology

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[English Word] Dichapetalum macrocarpum

[Swahili Word] chikwaya jike

[Part of Speech] noun

[Terminology] botany

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[English Word] Dichapetalum mosambicense

[Swahili Word] chikwaya dume

[Part of Speech] noun

[Terminology] botany

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[English Word] factory plant

[Swahili Word] mtambo

[Swahili Plural] mitambo

[Part of Speech] noun

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[English Word] hardy creeping plant

[English Plural] plants

[Taxonomy] Callopsis Volensii

[Swahili Word] kilalanungu

[Swahili Plural] vilalaungu

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 7/8

[Terminology] botany

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[English Word] hardy plant

[English Plural] hardy plants

[Taxonomy] Pentas purpurea

[Swahili Word] kivumanyuki

[Swahili Plural] vivumanyuki

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 7/8

[English Definition] red and purple aromatic flowered shrub

[Terminology] botany

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[English Word] hardy plant (Ramphicarpa veronicaefolia)

[Swahili Word] kimangari

[Swahili Plural] vimangari

[Part of Speech] noun

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[English Word] jaja

[Taxonomy] Aneilema aequinoctiale

[Swahili Word] jaja

[Swahili Plural] jaja

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10

[English Definition] perennial herb with small yellow, blue, mauve or lilac flowers

[Swahili Definition] mmea mwenye maua madogo ya manjano, bluu au pinki

[Terminology] botany

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[English Word] kakindu (variety of plant, Striga pubiflora)

[Swahili Word] kakindu

[Part of Speech] noun

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[English Word] kind of plant, Canna indica (the seeds are used for Moslem rosaries)

[Swahili Word] mtasbihi

[Swahili Plural] mitasbihi

[Part of Speech] noun

[Derived Word] tasbihi

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[English Word] kirukia (paratsitic climbing plant)

[Swahili Word] kirukia

[Swahili Plural] virukia

[Part of Speech] noun

[Derived Word] ruka V

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[English Word] lentil-plant

[Swahili Word] mdengu

[Swahili Plural] midengu

[Part of Speech] noun

[Derived Word] dengu N

[Terminology] botany

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[English Word] marijuana plant (leaf is bangi)

[Swahili Word] mbangi

[Swahili Plural] mibangi

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 3/4

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[English Word] mkwakwa (climbing plant bearing edible fruit, Landolfia florida)

[Swahili Word] mkwakwa

[Swahili Plural] mikwakwa

[Part of Speech] noun

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[English Word] mkwakwa (climbing plant bearing edible fruit, Landolfia florida)

[Swahili Word] mkwakwara

[Swahili Plural] mikwakwara

[Part of Speech] noun

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[English Word] mlangamia (parasitic plant growing on cloves)

[Swahili Word] mlangamia

[Swahili Plural] milangamia

[Part of Speech] noun

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[English Word] name of a climbing plant

[Swahili Word] kirukia

[Swahili Plural] virukia

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 7/8

[Swahili Example] madirisha makubwa yenye virukia [Sul]

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[English Word] perennial plant (Abutilum zanzibaricum)

[Swahili Word] mbiha

[Swahili Plural] mibiha

[Part of Speech] noun

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[English Word] perennial plant with yellow or blue flowers

[Taxonomy] Aneilema aequinoctale, Aneilema sinicum

[Swahili Word] kongwe

[Swahili Plural] kongwe

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10

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[English Word] plant

[English Plural] plants

[Swahili Word] kipando

[Swahili Plural] vipando

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 7/8

[Derived Language] Swahili

[Derived Word] -panda

[English Example] his little garden with a variety of plants

[Swahili Example] kitalu chake kidogo chenye mchanganyiko wa vipando [Moh]

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[English Word] plant

[English Plural] plants

[Swahili Word] kiwanda

[Swahili Plural] viwanda

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 7/8

[English Example] heat-treatment plant; powdered-milk processing plant

[Swahili Example] kiwanda cha jotojoto; kiwanda cha kufanyia unga wa maziwa [Rec]

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[English Word] plant

[Swahili Word] mmea

[Swahili Plural] mimea

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 3/4

[Derived Word] mea V

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[English Word] plant

[Swahili Word] -panda

[Part of Speech] verb

[Related Words] pandikizo, mpanda, mpando, upandaji

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[English Word] plant (any of several stinging kinds)

[Swahili Word] weni

[Swahili Plural] maweni

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 11/6

[Swahili Example] weni 'uo ukiuke [Moh]

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[English Word] plant (kind of)

[English Plural] plants

[Taxonomy] Commelina imberbis; Commelina benghalensis

[Swahili Word] jaja

[Swahili Plural] jaja

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10

[English Definition] perennial herb with blue flowers

[Swahili Definition] mmea mwenye maua ya bluu

[Terminology] botany

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[English Word] plant (kind of)

[Swahili Word] mnyapa

[Swahili Plural] minyapa

[Part of Speech] noun

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[English Word] plant (kind used for making black dye, Euclea multiflora)

[Swahili Word] mdaa

[Swahili Plural] midaa

[Part of Speech] noun

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[English Word] plant (rice in holes)

[Swahili Word] -sia

[Part of Speech] verb

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[English Word] plant out

[Swahili Word] -atika

[Part of Speech] verb

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[English Word] plant out

[Swahili Word] -pandikiza

[Part of Speech] verb

[Class] intensive

[Derived Language] Swahili

[Derived Word] -panda

[Related Words] pandikizo

[English Definition] transfer seedlings from a nursery to a plantation

[Terminology] agriculture

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[English Word] plant resembling the pea (Phaseolus mungo)

[Swahili Word] mchoroko

[Swahili Plural] michoroko

[Part of Speech] noun

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[English Word] plant that grows wild

[English Plural] plants that grow wild

[Swahili Word] kimelea

[Swahili Plural] vimelea

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 7/8

[Derived Language] Swahili

[Derived Word] -mea

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[English Word] plant with aromatic leaves, (Ocimum sp)

[Swahili Word] mvumbasi

[Swahili Plural] mivumbasi

[Part of Speech] noun

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[English Word] poisonous plant used for medicinal purposes

[Swahili Word] msungululu

[Swahili Plural] misungululu

[Part of Speech] noun

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[English Word] thorny swamp plant

[Swahili Word] tindiga

[Part of Speech] noun

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[English Word] type of poisonous plant (Euphorbia abyssinica)

[Swahili Word] mbamba

[Swahili Plural] mibamba

[Part of Speech] noun

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[English Word] wild plant (which has seeded itself)

[Swahili Word] tarare

[Part of Speech] noun

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[English Word] young plant

[Swahili Word] chipukizi

[Swahili Plural] machipukizi

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 5/6

[Derived Word] chipua v

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English-Swahili dictionary > plant
13 tint

1. noun
Farbton, der
2. transitive verb
tönen; kolorieren [Zeichnung, Stich]

* * *
[tint] 1. noun
(a variety, or shade, of a colour.) die Tönung
2. verb
(to colour slightly: She had her hair tinted red.) tönen

* * *

tint

[tɪnt]

I. n

1. (hue) Farbton m

warm \tint warme Farbe

2. (dye) Tönung f

II. vt

to \tint one's hair seine Haare tönen

* * *
[tɪnt]
1. n
Ton m; (= product for hair) Tönung(smittel nt) f
tints of purple — Violetttöne pl

2. vt
hair tönen
* * *

tint [tınt]

A s

1. (hell getönte oder zarte) Farbe

2. Farbton m, Tönung f:

have a bluish tint einen Stich ins Blaue haben, ins Blaue spielen

3. MAL Weißmischung f

4. Gravierkunst: feine Schraffierung

5. TYPO Tangierraster m

B v/t (leicht) färben, tönen:

she tinted her hair red sie tönte sich die Haare rot

* * *
1. noun
Farbton, der
2. transitive verb
tönen; kolorieren [Zeichnung, Stich]

* * *

n.

Farbe -n f.

Farbton m. v.

färben v.

tönen v.

English-german dictionary > tint
14 Chilim Carpets

CHILIM CARPETS
The best type of carpets made in Servia by the peasant women. The groundwork is usually brilliant red, with patterns woven in blue, purple, green, yellow and other colours. There is no pile and the surface is smooth and hard. Originally vegetable dyes made by the weavers were used, but the imported dyes now used have proved a detriment to the native dye industry.

Dictionary of the English textile terms > Chilim Carpets
15 Liteau

LITEAU
In French mill parlance a narrow stripe along the selvedge of the cloth left undyed. After taking the cloth from the loom a narrow cord was sewn tightly along each selvedge, preventing the dye from penetrating the fabric and preserving the original colour. For scarlet, blue, and purple cloths the liteau was white, on green cloth it appeared yellow, and in violets a light red. The liteau served as a guide to the quality of the cloth. At the present time liteau means the blue and red weft stripes which are found on certain linen tablecloths. During the 14th century damask tablecloths were also made with such weft stripes.

Dictionary of the English textile terms > Liteau
16 Colours

Not all English colour terms have a single exact equivalent in French: for instance, in some circumstances brown is marron, in others brun. If in doubt, look the word up in the dictionary.

Colour terms

what colour is it?

= c’est de quelle couleur? or (more formally) de quelle couleur est-il?

it’s green

= il est vert or elle est verte

to paint sth green

= peindre qch en vert

to dye sth green

= teindre qch en vert

to wear green

= porter du vert

dressed in green

= habillé de vert

Colour nouns are all masculine in French:

I like green

= j’aime le vert

I prefer blue

= je préfère le bleu

red suits her

= le rouge lui va bien

it’s a pretty yellow!

= c’est un joli jaune!

have you got it in white?

= est-ce que vous l’avez en blanc?

a pretty shade of blue

= un joli ton de bleu

it was a dreadful green

= c’était un vert affreux

a range of greens

= une gamme de verts

Most adjectives of colour agree with the noun they modify:

a blue coat

= un manteau bleu

a blue dress

= une robe bleue

blue clothes

= des vêtements bleus

Some that don’t agree are explained below.

Words that are not true adjectives

Some words that translate English adjectives are really nouns in French, and so don’t show agreement:

a brown shoe

= une chaussure marron

orange tablecloths

= des nappes fpl orange

hazel eyes

= des yeux mpl noisette

Other French words like this include: cerise ( cherry-red), chocolat ( chocolate-brown) and émeraude ( emerald-green).

Shades of colour

Expressions like pale blue, dark green or light yellow are also invariable in French and show no agreement:

a pale blue shirt

= une chemise bleu pâle

dark green blankets

= des couvertures fpl vert foncé

a light yellow tie

= une cravate jaune clair

bright yellow socks

= des chaussettes fpl jaune vif

French can also use the colour nouns here: instead of une chemise bleu pâle you could say une chemise d’un bleu pâle ; and similarly des couvertures d’un vert foncé (etc). The nouns in French are normally used to translate English adjectives of this type ending in -er and -est:

a darker blue

= un bleu plus foncé

the dress was a darker blue

= la robe était d’un bleu plus foncé

Similarly:

a lighter blue

= un bleu plus clair (etc.)

In the following examples, blue stands for most basic colour terms:

pale blue

= bleu pâle

light blue

= bleu clair

bright blue

= bleu vif

dark blue

= bleu foncé

deep blue

= bleu profond

strong blue

= bleu soutenu

Other types of compound in French are also invariable, and do not agree with their nouns:

a navy-blue jacket

= une veste bleu marine

These compounds include: bleu ciel ( sky-blue), vert pomme ( apple-green), bleu nuit ( midnight-blue), rouge sang ( blood-red) etc. However, all English compounds do not translate directly into French. If in doubt, check in the dictionary.

French compounds consisting of two colour terms linked with a hyphen are also invariable:

a blue-black material

= une étoffe bleu-noir

a greenish-blue cup

= une tasse bleu-vert

a greeny-yellow dress

= une robe vert-jaune

English uses the ending -ish, or sometimes -y, to show that something is approximately a certain colour, e.g. a reddish hat or a greenish paint. The French equivalent is -âtre:

blue-ish

= bleuâtre

greenish or greeny

= verdâtre

greyish

= grisâtre

reddish

= rougeâtre

yellowish or yellowy

= jaunâtre

etc.

Other similar French words are rosâtre, noirâtre and blanchâtre. Note however that these words are often rather negative in French. It is better not to use them if you want to be complimentary about something. Use instead tirant sur le rouge/jaune etc.

To describe a special colour, English can add -coloured to a noun such as raspberry (framboise) or flesh (chair). Note how this is said in French, where the two-word compound with couleur is invariable, and, unlike English, never has a hyphen:

a chocolate-coloured skirt

= une jupe couleur chocolat

raspberry-coloured fabric

= du tissu couleur framboise

flesh-coloured tights

= un collant couleur chair

Colour verbs

English makes some colour verbs by adding -en (e.g. blacken). Similarly French has some verbs in -ir made from colour terms:

to blacken

= noircir

to redden

= rougir

to whiten

= blanchir

The other French colour terms that behave like this are: bleu (bleuir), jaune (jaunir), rose (rosir) and vert (verdir). It is always safe, however, to use devenir, thus:

to turn purple

= devenir violet

Describing people

Note the use of the definite article in the following:

to have black hair

= avoir les cheveux noirs

to have blue eyes

= avoir les yeux bleus

Note the use of à in the following:

a girl with blue eyes

= une jeune fille aux yeux bleus

the man with black hair

= l’homme aux cheveux noirs

Not all colours have direct equivalents in French. The following words are used for describing the colour of someone’s hair (note that les cheveux is plural in French):

fair

= blond

dark

= brun

blonde or blond

= blond

brown

= châtain inv

red

= roux

black

= noir

grey

= gris

white

= blanc

Check other terms such as yellow, ginger, auburn, mousey etc. in the dictionary.

Note these nouns in French:

a fair-haired man

= un blond

a fair-haired woman

= une blonde

a dark-haired man

= un brun

a dark-haired woman

= une brune

The following words are useful for describing the colour of someone’s eyes:

blue

= bleu

light blue

= bleu clair inv

light brown

= marron clair inv

brown

= marron inv

hazel

= noisette inv

green

= vert

grey

= gris

greyish-green

= gris-vert inv

dark

= noir

Big English-French dictionary > Colours
17 Hofmann, August Wilhelm von

SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology

[br]

b. 8 April 1818 Giessen, Germany

d. 2 May 1892 Berlin, Germany

[br]

German organic chemist.

[br]

The son of an architect, Hofmann began studying law and languages but was increasingly drawn to chemistry, attracted by Liebig's teaching at Giessen. In 1841 Hofmann took his doctorate with a study of coal tar. He became Privatdozent at Bonn University in 1845, but later that year he was persuaded to take up the post of first Director of the Royal College of Chemistry in London, after tenure was guaranteed as a result of Prince Albert's influence. He remained there for twenty years until he was offered professorships in chemistry at Bonn and Berlin. He accepted the latter. Hofmann continued the method of teaching chemistry, based on laboratory instruction, developed by Liebig at Giessen, and extended it to England and Berlin. A steady stream of well-trained chemists issued forth from Hofmann's tuition, concerning themselves especially with experimental organic chemistry and the industrial applications of chemistry. In 1848 one of his students, C.B. Mansfield, devised the method of fractional distillation of coal tar, to separate pure benzene, xylene and toluene, thus laying the foundations of the coal-tar industry. In 1856 another student, W.H. Perkin, prepared the first synthetic dyestuff, aniline purple, heralding the great dyestuffs industry, in which several other of his students distinguished themselves. Although keenly interested in the chemistry of dyestuffs, Hofmann did not pursue their large-scale preparation, but he stressed the importance of scientific research for success on a commercial scale. Hofmann's stimulus in this direction flagged after his return to Germany, and this was a factor in the failure of British industry to follow up their initial advantage and allow it to pass to Germany. In 1862 Hofmann prepared a dye from a derivative of triphenylmethane, which he called rosaniline. From this he derived a series of beautiful colours, ranging from blue to violet, which he patented as "Hofmann's violets" the following year.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Ennobled 1888.

Further Reading

J.Volhard and E.Fischer, 1902, August Wilhelm von Hofmann, ein Lebensbild, Berlin (the basic biography).

K.M.Hammond, 1967, bibliography, unpublished, (Diploma in Librarianship, London University (lists 373 items; deposited in University College, London)).

LRD

Biographical history of technology > Hofmann, August Wilhelm von
18 fig

fig фиговое дерево, инжир, Ficus carica

climbing fig фикус карликовый, Ficus minima

cluster fig фикус клубковатый, Ficus glomerata

creeping fig фикус карликовый стелющийся (Ficus minima var. pumila)

dye fig фикус красилный, Ficus tinctoria

Florida strangler fig фикус золотистый, Ficus auera

India-rubber fig фикус каучуконосный, Ficus elastica

Indian fig 1. фикус бенгальский, баньян, Ficus bengalensis ; 2. опунция обыкновенная, Opuntia vulgaris

Moreton-Bay fig фикус крупнолистный, Ficus macrophylla

purple fig фикус шершавый, Ficus scabra

rusty fig фикус ржавый, Ficus rubiginosa

sycamore fig сикамор античный, Ficus sycomorus

English-Russian dictionary of biology and biotechnology > fig

См. также в других словарях:

purple shell — noun or purple snail 1. a. : a gastropod mollusk that is a source of purple dye : purple 1c(1) b. : janthina 2 2 … Useful english dictionary
Purple — Pur ple, n.; pl. {Purples}. [OE. purpre, pourpre, OF. purpre, porpre, pourpre, F. pourpre, L. purpura purple fish, purple dye, fr. Gr. ? the purple fish, a shell from the purple dye was obtained, purple dye; cf. ? dark (said of the sea), purple,… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Purple of Cassius — Purple Pur ple, n.; pl. {Purples}. [OE. purpre, pourpre, OF. purpre, porpre, pourpre, F. pourpre, L. purpura purple fish, purple dye, fr. Gr. ? the purple fish, a shell from the purple dye was obtained, purple dye; cf. ? dark (said of the sea),… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Purple of mollusca — Purple Pur ple, n.; pl. {Purples}. [OE. purpre, pourpre, OF. purpre, porpre, pourpre, F. pourpre, L. purpura purple fish, purple dye, fr. Gr. ? the purple fish, a shell from the purple dye was obtained, purple dye; cf. ? dark (said of the sea),… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
purple — O.E. purpul, dissimilation (first recorded in Northumbrian, in Lindisfarne gospel) from purpure purple garment, purpuren purple, from L. purpura purple dyed cloak, purple dye, also shellfish from which purple was made, from Gk. porphyra (Cf. e… … Etymology dictionary
purple — ► NOUN 1) a colour intermediate between red and blue. 2) (also Tyrian purple) a crimson dye obtained from some molluscs, used for robes worn by an emperor or senior magistrate in ancient Rome or Byzantium. 3) (the purple) the scarlet official… … English terms dictionary
Purple drank — is a slang term for a recreational drug popular in the hip hop community of the southern United States. Its main ingredient is prescription strength cough syrup containing codeine and promethazine.cite journal | author = Peters Ronald J.… … Wikipedia
purple — [pʉr′pəl] n. [ME purpel < OE (Northumbrian) purpl( e), dissimilated var. of WS purpur( e) < L purpura, purple < Gr porphyra, shellfish yielding purple dye] 1. a dark color that is a blend of red and blue 2. Now Rare a) deep crimson b)… … English World dictionary
Purple — Pur ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Purpled}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Purpling}.] To make purple; to dye of purple or deep red color; as, hands purpled with blood. [1913 Webster] When morn Purples the east. Milton. [1913 Webster] Reclining soft in blissful… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Purple Rain Protest — Also: Purple Rain Revolt, and Purple Rain Riot On September 2, 1989, four days before South Africa s racially segregated parliament held its elections, Burg Street in Cape Town rained purple. A police water cannon with purple dye was turned on… … Wikipedia
dye — dyable, dyeable, adj. dyer, n. /duy/, n., v., dyed, dyeing. n. 1. a coloring material or matter. 2. a liquid containing coloring matter, for imparting a particular hue to cloth, paper, etc. 3. color or hue, esp. as produced by dyeing. 4. of the… … Universalium

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